Spatial analysis of long-term land-use development in regard to physiotopes: case studies from the Carpathians     

Marek Súľovský  Vladimír Falťan  Hana Skokanová  Marek Havlíček  František Petrovič 《自然地理学》2013,34(5):470-488

Abstract

The influence of abiotic conditions on land-use development since the nineteenth century is assessed in case studies from the Czech and Slovak Carpathians. Hypotheses claim that significant land-use changes have occurred, but without pronounced differences because of similar abiotic conditions in the case studies. Abiotic conditions are expressed by physiotopes, which contain information on georelief, lithology, and soil. Our results indicate a high rate of land-use change in both case studies, and a detailed analysis of changes in two sequential periods reveals significant differences in five of the six periods compared in these case studies. Areas along state border seem to be more affected by anthropogenic changes as the proportion of plots with stable land use was only 25.7% in the Czech area (Starý Hrozenkov, Vápenice, and Vy?kovec) compared to 47.6% in the Slovak area (Lietavská Svinná-Babkov). Repeated land-use changes occurred mostly in valley floors and adjacent slopes. Land-use changes in the study areas are only partly explained by the abiotic conditions in physiotope and morphometric attributes, as shown by multiple correspondence analysis. The crucial difference in land use is in different settlement structures, which reflect differences in historical development.  相似文献   

济宁市耕地动态变化及驱动因素分析     

乔庆伟  许庆福  王增如  马敬杰  完颜绪义 《山东国土资源》2006,(Z1)

根据济宁市耕地历年总量及人均耕地数量变化情况可以看出,55年来耕地数量总体呈明显波动减少趋势,各县(市、区)的变化也存在差异。定性与定量相结合的分析结果表明,济宁市耕地动态变化的驱动因素主要为经济发展对耕地占用的巨大需求和比较经济利益对耕地占用的巨大压力。为遏制耕地数量减少,对耕地数量快速减少区、平稳减少区和增加区采取的措施有所区别。  相似文献   

谈谈正确理解电子电路中有关约束条件的重要性     

崔蔚  徐铁钢 《成都信息工程学院学报》2003,18(1):83-85

电路的工作状态是有一定的约束条件。全面考虑电路的约束条件，对于正确地分析电子电路是非常重要的。通过具体的应用实例，强调了正确、全面地理解约束条件在电子电路分析中的重要性。  相似文献   

FOREST LANDSCAPE PATTERN DYNAMICS OF LUONING COUNTY IN HENAN PROVINCE AND ITS DRIVING FORCES     

DINGSheng-yan QIANLe-xiang CAOXin-xiang LIShuang LIHao-min 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2003,13(3):247-253

With the help of ARC/INFOR and ERDAS software, based on the information from forest resources distribution maps and TM images, four indices were chosen to analyze spatial pattern changes of forest landscape of Luoning County, Henan Province from 1983 to 1999. The results showed that: 1) The number and total area of patches were rapidly increased with time changes. The fragmentation degree of the landscape was increasing great-ly. 2) The area of some forest patch types, especially shrub forest, economic forest, Populus spp. forest, Quercus spp. forest, sparse forest, deserted grassland etc. had been greatly changed. 3) The fragemation degree of each forest patch type became greater from 1983 to 1999.4) The transition probabilities of deserted forest, economic forest, Pi-nus tobulaeformis forest, Populus spp. forest exceed 85%,Robinia pseuoacacia forest, deserted grassland, 65% and Quercus spp. forest, non-forest, shrub forest had smaller ones, which were 26.5%, 29.1% and 45.3%, respec-tively. The main transition trends of various patches were non-forest and Quercus spp. forest. During the course of transition, the types that 50% of area was remained were Quercus spp. forest, non-forest and shrub forest. Accord-ing to above analyses, the main driving forces, such as the management policies, market economy factors and influ-ences of human activities etc. were brought out.  相似文献   

LAND USE／COVER CHANGE AND DRIVING FORCES IN SOUTHERN LIAONING PROVINCE SINCE 1950S   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

LILei ZHANGPing-yu HOUWei 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2005,15(2):131-136

1IN TR O D U CTIO N Land isthemost essentiaplhysicalresource asnd mate- rialbasisforpeople'slif e(LIU,1996).Land use/cover change(LUCC ) isa key aspectofglobalenvironment change, andindicatetsheinfluencoefhuman activiti on physicaelnvironment.As we allkno…  相似文献   

Long-term Dynamics of Cultivated Land Resources and Their Driving Forces of Guyuan City in Upper Reaches of Jinghe River     

CHEN Caocao XIE Gaodi ZHEN Lin LENG Yunfa 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2008,18(1):33-40

The land use patterns in Guyuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China, have changed greatly over the years, due to population growth and farming and stock raising development. This study, using 50-year statistical data of cultivated land and 14-year spatial data of land use pattern, analyzed the developmental stages, the character, and the spatial variance of farmland in the city, and discussed the driving forces of cultivated land changes based on empirical and conceptual statistical models. First, the change of cultivated land area went through different stages of rapid increase, fluctuating change, decrease and rapid decrease from 1949 to 2004, additionally, social and economic policies in different stages had an important impact on farmland variance. Second, from 1986 to 2000, the quantity of cultivated land increased, but its quality decreased. Third, social and economic factors are determinant factors in cultivated land transition. Five constructed paths explain cultivated land transition. Factors that have direct or indirect effects on farmland include the economy （Xeco）, the population （Xpop）, agricultural output （Xagr）, and scientific input （Xsci）. The sequence of impact was Xeco〉Xpop〉Xsci〉Xagr. Among all these impacts, Xeco was the major positive one, and Xpop was the major negative one. It is urgent to take measures or adopt a policy to stop the vicious cycle in eco-environment and agriculture production. Otherwise, negative patterns of farmland use will increase, and high-quality cultivated land will continue to decline.  相似文献   

天津滨海新区土地利用变化及驱动因子分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐玉静  王帅民  赵明月 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,(4)

随着全球变化研究的深入,人们逐渐认识到人类活动所导致的土地利用/土地覆盖变化(Land Use and Cover Change)最终会反过来影响到人类自身的生存和发展。因此,土地利用与土地覆盖变化成为全球变化研究的热点问题。本文以天津滨海新区为研究区域,使用ENVI软件通过面向对象解译的方法分别对2005、2010、2014年的遥感图像进行处理,得到3期的解译数据;然后,运用土地利用动态度及土地利用转移矩阵的方法对土地利用的面积变化情况进行分析;最终得出结论:该区域土地利用类型面积变化以建筑用地、未利用地的大幅增加及水域的锐减为主。2005~2014年9年间建筑用地和未利用地面积增加量分别为13 638.15 hm~2、6 926.94 hm~2;植被和盐田的面积都是减少的,而植被减少的面积最多,减少的面积量为10 673.28 hm~2。同时,本文进一步分析了经济、人口、政策驱动因子对该区域土地利用变化的影响。  相似文献   

基于RS和GIS的富平县城镇空间扩张演变规律及其驱动力分析     

马红利 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,40(9)

本文依据2003—2015年间6个时相的影像数据,对富平县城市扩张进行了研究。基于遥感动态监测的城市范围提取方法,确定了各时相的城市范围。然后结合城市扩展速率、扩展强度、分形维数和紧凑度这四个空间特征指数,对城市扩张的数量特征、形态变化和空间特征进行了分析。应用空间分析方法研究了富平县城市的扩张分布和扩张方向,讨论了城市扩张的时空特征,并且分析了其扩张的驱动力。  相似文献   

Application of a continuum numerical model for pile driving analysis and comparison with a real case     

Shahram Feizee Masouleh  Kazem Fakharian   《Computers and Geotechnics》2008,35(3):406-418

This paper presents the results of a so-called continuum numerical model for wave propagation analysis and soil-pile dynamic response during pile driving. An axisymmetric finite difference numerical model is developed having solid elements for both pile structure and the soil media surrounding and below the pile. Interface elements are used between the pile shaft and the soil to facilitate the sliding between the two media. The performance of the developed model is verified in two stages. First, a simple rod is subjected to a half sine-wave force function at the rod head and the corresponding reflections of force and velocity (multiplied by impedance) are presented for different boundary conditions at the rod tip. The model is then used for signal matching analysis of a real driven pile for which complete information of soil layering, dynamic test signals, and static load test results are available. The signal matching analysis was performed successfully and comparison between several other predicted and measured parameters proved the reasonably good performance of the developed continuum model.  相似文献   

干旱区流域生态水文耦合模拟与调控的若干思考   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

严登华  王浩  杨舒媛  刘明国  霍竹 《地球科学进展》2008,23(7):773-778

系统识别全球变化和高强度人类活动影响下干旱区流域生态水文耦合作用机制及演变规律,并通过综合生态水文调控,构建健康水循环和生态安全格局,是干旱区流域亟待解决的关键科学问题。传统的基于水文过程与生态过程的分离模拟与调控,尚不能满足上述实践需求;需结合原型观测与实验,对大气模式、水文模型、生态模式（包括天然生态模拟模型和作物生长模式）进行耦合开发,构建具有统一物理机制的流域生态水文模型。以此为支撑,对干旱区流域生态水文过程演变规律及阈值特征进行系统识别;并结合水生态服务功能评价,提出流域生态安全修复及水资源合理配置与调度方案;制定有效的风险管理措施,对流域生态水文过程进行动态调控。  相似文献